September 19, 1955 the Argentine Armed Forces, led by General Eduardo Lonardi and supported by radical, conservative and socialist civil leaders and also by some sectors of the Church, carried out a coup d'état which overthrew President Juan Domingo Peron.
Perón was facing his second term as president of Argentina. The first election, which took place in 1946, marked the birth of Peronism, the best known and most controversial period in the history of Buenos Aires.
Peronism was a political movement supported, at least originally, by the shirtless (“shirted”]) a name that indicates the popular and social genesis of the initiative. He carried on ua heterogeneous politics that united populism, socialism, patriotism, the third economic way of fascism. Perón was inspired by Roosevelt's New Deal, implementing a policy characterized by strong state interventionism and welfare assistance carried out through the Eva Perón Foundation. He chose to support Argentina's detachment from the historic influence of the United States, pursuing a policy of non-alignment.
In 51, after Perón's second victory in the elections, Argentina was excluded from the Marshall Plan and began to draw closer to the USSR. The country's economy began to suffer, paving the way for the economic crisis, while on the political level a real war began between the president and the Church which ended with the excommunication (later withdrawn) of Perón.
In 1955 tensions skyrocketed. On June 16, naval aviation bombed the Plaza de Mayo in order to kill Perón. The president was saved, but hundreds of civilians died.
Perón changed minister of the interior and of the Navy and attempted democratization, authorizing the old parties to use the media, but the discontent did not subside and the so-called "Revolución Libertadora", supported by the anti-Peronist sectors led to a new coup d'état, which took place on September 19, 1955.
Perón went into exile. First in Paraguay and then in Madrid, where the fascist dictator Francisco Franco granted him political asylum.
He managed to return to Argentina only in 73 and on September 23 of the same year he triumphed with a large majority in the two-round elections, managing to be elected for the third time. He died less than a year later, on July 1 of the 1975 in his villa in Quinto de Olivos, leaving power in the hands of the vice president: his third wife Isabel.
