The month that has passed since the start of the consultations for the formation of the new government has made the problems created by the electoral result clear. The first is the impossibility of creating a parliamentary majority of similar or at least compatible political forces from a strategic point of view, that is, in terms of conception of democracy, loyalty to the Constitution, a European position and vision of foreign policy. The second consists in the fact that it would be difficult to form a Northern League-led government since, given Italy's role in the EU, it would be as if in France the government were entrusted to Marie Le Pen's party without the voters having given her a mandate full to undo the European Union.
From a strategic point of view, an affinity between the League and the Five Stars exists and together they could form an anti-European government, with an ambiguous international position; but so far Salvini and Di Maio have not succeeded. So it was time to try the Five Stars and another problem immediately emerged which was not easy to solve.
Assuming and not granting that the electoral result of the Five Stars is a sufficient premise for their transition from an "anti-system" movement to a government party, this should be accomplished in a very short time thanks to the availability of other political forces to support a government led by They.
So far the consultations have followed this path and we are exploring the possibility that the PD will take on the "mission". It is presumable that this passage will also end in a stalemate and the main reason is, in my opinion, the inadequacy of the layout itself. Probably, in order to create a government that reflects as much as possible the composition of the current Parliament, another track could not have been followed in the first instance; but in reality the situation cannot be tackled with the ordinary procedures of the parliamentary process.
It is rather similar to a "state of exception", of which I will limit myself to underlining two fundamental elements. I have already said about the first: it concerns the unsustainability of a government led by the League. The second concerns the constitutionalization of the Five Stars. If this is the main problem presented to us by the elections, it cannot be dumped on one or the other eventual partner of a coalition government led by that party: it is a problem systemic which affects all political forces equally, starting with the Five Stars themselves, and it should be set up this way.
The post-electoral landscape is not conducive to the formation of a legislature government. Salvini talks about the use of new elections but all or almost all say that without changing the electoral law they would have no decisive value. The electoral law can be changed in a fully proportional or majority sense. Both solutions presuppose a broader agreement than the one that could give rise to an "ordinary" government. Furthermore, the change in the electoral law brings with it other constitutional reforms such as the overcoming of equal bicameralism and the current State-Regions system.
The sequence is peremptory since this is the only way to really address the problem of the governability of our country by keeping representation and decision together. A fully proportional electoral law would eliminate the unsustainable inconsistencies of electoral coalitions that do not give life to a unitary political subject since in Parliament the parties that compose them once again become autonomous, distinct and distant. A fully majority electoral system would lead to the overcoming of the parliamentary form of government, tampered with in the Second Republic but still in force.
In conclusion, it seems to me that the issue placed on the agenda by the elections of 4 March is that of a constituent government, promoted and guaranteed by the President of the Republic which, as we have seen in the long years of the Second Republic, for the Our constitutional system is not "a king who reigns but does not govern", but a guarantor of the Constitution, of the unity of the nation and of its supranational connections who in certain circumstances can and must reign and govern.
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