Currently the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate perform the same functions: they express and can take away the trust in governments and both must approve every law of the State.
In all other parliamentary systems, the task of expressing confidence is entrusted to a single chamber. The current Italian system complicates and weakens the action of those who have to govern, because the majorities in the two houses of Parliament can be different (for example, today voters aged 18 to 25 do not participate in the election of senators). Furthermore, the need for double passage in the House and Senate slows down the legislative process. To remedy this slowness, improper recourse was made to the decree laws.
The constitutional reform provides for the transition to a parliamentary system based on differentiated bicameralism. The function of expressing confidence in the government is reserved for the Chamber of Deputies. The Senate assumes the function of representing the territorial institutions and ensuring their connection with the State. The Senate will also have the new task of evaluating public policies and the activities of public administrations. The transition to differentiated bicameralism is reflected in the legislative process: only for some types of laws is the approval of both houses of Parliament. Most of the laws will be approved by the House, with the possibility for the Senate to propose changes within 10 days if a third of the senators request it.
