Il 9 September of the 1943 was founded in Rome National Liberation Committee, an organization politics and military made up of elements of the main parties and movements of Italy for free the country from Fascism and Nazi occupation. The CLN coordinated and directed the Resistance, during which it operated as a clandestine body. Subsequently, he had powers of government by proxy in the days of the national insurrection. Its structure was divided into two branches: the Upper Italy National Liberation Committee (Clnai), based in Milan, and the Central Committee of National Liberation (Bcc), based in Rome.
The motion that gave birth to the Cln
Below is the text of the motion approved 79 years ago to establish the Committee:
"At a time when Nazism is trying to restore its fascist ally in Rome and in Italy, the anti-fascist parties form a National Liberation Committee to call Italians to fight and resist in order to regain Italy's rightful place in the assembly of free nations".
Who was part of the Cln
They attended the founding session Ivanoe BonomiMore (DL, President), Mauro Scoccimarro e George Amendola (PCI), Alcide de Gasperi (A.D), Hugh La Malfa e Sergio Fenoalthea (PDA), Peter Nenni e Joseph Romita (psi), Meuccio Ruini (DL), Alexander Casati (Pli).
The National Liberation Committee was then a cross-party training formed by movements of different cultural and ideological backgrounds: within it militated representatives of the Italian Communist Partyand Christian Democracy, the Action Party, the Italian Liberal Party, the Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity and Democratic Labor Party (Dl). Each party had its own partisan military formations, which were usually coordinated by the respective representative in the CLN.
The Italian Republican Party remained outside the Committee - which also participated in the Resistance - and also some left-wing groups who did not accept the compromise of national unity on which the CLN was based, which gave "precedence to the fight against the external enemy, moving until after the victory, the problem of the institutional structure of the State”.
The motion of October 16, 1943
On 16 October 1943 a motion was voted which established three points on which the CLN should have committed itself:
- assume all the constitutional powers of the state;
- lead the war of liberation alongside the Anglo-American allies;
- summon the people to the cessation of hostilities to decide on the institutional form of the state.
Political division and recomposition
At first, in the committee it opened a rift between right and left on the political line to be followed towards the monarchy and the Badoglio government. With the resignation from the presidency of Bonomi, resigned on 24 March 1944, the line of intransigence towards the monarchy seemed to assert itself, but in April the turning point of Salerno, with which Palmiro Togliatti's PCI agreed to enter the Badoglio government, reversed the situation. After the liberation of Rome (June 4, 1944), Bonomi became Prime Minister (June 11). Subsequently the position was held by Ferruccio Parri (June 21, 1945) and by Alcide De Gasperi (December 10, 1945).
The CLN was officially dissolved on 1947 June XNUMX.
