“The historians of the last decades, starting from Claudio Pavone, have provided a definitive interpretative framework of the political-military movement of Resistance - 9 September 1943/25 April 1945. Three 'wars' of different consistencies converged in that broad river of events: that of national liberation twigs Nazism and from his fascist ally; the civil one between Italians; the 'class' one, which took up the thread of the red two-year period 1919-21 and which focused on the Resistance struggle as the first stage of the proletarian revolution”. Write it down, come on Santalessandro.org (the online weekly magazine of the diocese of Bergamo), is Giovanni Cominelli, philosopher, historian and expert in education policies: in conjunction with the Liberation Day, Cominelli outlines a reflection on the metamorphoses of the Resistance. Here she is.
“Those three movements – underlines Cominelli – were fueled by political cultures: a culture of national unity, a culture of civil war, a culture of… revolution. Finished there Resistance in 1945, in a national and international context profoundly changed by the establishment of the Iron Curtain, those cultures had a different destiny".
“The culture of national unity, which had inspired the movement of national liberation – made up of the entire democratic arc of politics, of all social sectors, of sectors of the State, of the Army, of the Police, of the Carabinieri, of the Church , of the Parishes… – lasted until the launch of the Constitution, but after 18 April 48 it went into hibernation”.
“It will be reactivated only after Piazza Fontana massacre and after the Chilean coup, to historically found the historical compromise and the policy of governments of national unity. Will be the President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, between 1999 and 2006, to give back its national face to the Resistance, naming and officially recognizing all the forces that had participated, including the non-communist or anti-communist ones. With this, reviving Togliatti's idea of the Resistance as the 'Second Risorgimento', to which the very name “Garibaldi” of the Communist Brigades alluded.
The “betrayed” Resistance
“As for the Resistance as a 'class war' – he continues – its ambitions were extinguished by the defeat of the left bloc in '48 and ended up in the Courts or on Don Camillo cinema screens, with the tank and the Stens hidden in the barns of Brescello. Thus was born the myth of the 'betrayed resistance'. Triggered in the aftermath of the fall of the Parri government of 8 December 1945, fueled until 1948 by the 'partisan' and anti-Togliatti current within the PCI, persisted in the memory of many partisans, until it resurfaced karstically, thanks to them, in the university assemblies of '68".
“Its corollaries are some youth slogans of the 70s: 'The Resistance is red, it is not Christian Democrat', 'W La Nuova Resistenza', while as 'New partisans' the young victims of the 70s of the police forces and of the fascist teams."
“Meanwhile, theAnpi split. To escape the grip of the communists, the lint, Italian Federation of partisan, non-communist associations. In the meantime, between 1949 and 1956, the Anpi partisans became the 'Partisans of Peace', promoted by the PCI and the PSI, remotely guided by theSoviet Union, with an anti-American and, therefore, pro-Soviet function".
The sectarian resistance
“But the trend that has been more successful than any other is that of the 'civil war'. You know, fascism is eternal: so he said Umberto Eco at Columbia University on April 25, 1995, listing 14 distinctive characteristics, most of which define, in advance, the populism of the 2000s, happily shared by the right and the left. And if fascism is eternal, anti-fascism must be too. And so Liberation Day, since Berlusconi's electoral victory on 27-28 March 1994, has become a sectarian celebration. It has become so, because it has always been a celebration of the left, whose management has always been entrusted to the ANPI".
“It was never intended as a national civil holiday. It is 'our celebration', a celebration that excludes. The presence of acommunist or anti-communist right-wing exponents has always been discouraged, poorly received, if not violently contested. It happened with Bossi. It happened with Letizia Moratti, when, mayor of Milan, on 25 April 2006 he pushed his father's wheelchair in the procession Paolo Brichetto Arnaboldi, partisan hero, silver medal, escaped Dachau. Too bad he was 'a white partisan'. It is known that the partisans are either red or they are not. Or not?!".
The Resistance woke: “Ceasefire everywhere!”
“Russian aggression againstUkraine, in the name of denazification, and the more recent one by Hamas in Israel, with the slogan "Palestine from the Jordan to the sea", have had the effect of bringing the ANPI back to the ideological patterns of the 50s. On the headline banner for next April 25th in Milan will be written: 'Ceasefire everywhere!'. Front row? Pontius Pilate. A holiday that celebrates national liberation, won with the blood and weapons of the Allies and the insurgent movement against oppression, is proposed as 'the celebration of peace-surrender' to armed violence”.
“Those attacked are invited to raise their arms. If they do, too Putin he will throw flowers from his drones; Hamas/Iran will be able to freely throw the Jews in the Mediterranean; Xi Jin Ping Taiwan will be peacefully annexed and so Peace will spread across the entire planet."
“With one caveat: not Kant's 'perpetual peace', but the one Tacitus wrote about inAgricola in 98 AD. C: 'Ubi solitudem faciunt, pacem appellant'. A planet-solitude, where the freedoms and fundamental rights of individuals and their countries are "peacefully" razed to the ground by missiles. A peace-shroud”.
“This involution of the ANPI has many explanations. The first: of the 300 thousand partisans of 1945, a few hundred survive. The new members come from the radical and maximalist left, which is now hegemonic in the Pd. As emotionally generous as she is without history, not only because she hasn't lived it - and this is not a fault -, but because she hasn't studied it and doesn't even hear it from her 'eco-chamber'. A woke left, a 'Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens' left. Her vision of her story is that of a festive festival of individual and social rights. History without violence, without arrogance and, therefore, without nations, without states, without armies. Is fascism eternal? To this left of blind moles Giorgia Meloni often involuntarily provides small traps, such as the Dark trap.
“It is known that Giorgia Meloni cut her teeth in the underground of the Roman nostalgic-folkloric right. She passed like a salamander into the revisionism of Fini's post-fascism – that of Fascism as an “absolute evil” – managing to rise from 4,35% in 2018 to 25,99% in 2022, building its consensus not on the nostalgia of fascism, but on a mix, made up of European conservative tradition, of nationalist sovereignism, of anti-party populism, but not anti-institutional and not anti-state - this distinguishes it from populism of the M5S".
“Is this an ideological platform of eternal Fascism? It doesn't seem like it. And so Brothers of Italy it is not a party nostalgic for fascism, although a minimal radical part of it does not hide its nostalgia".
“The reality is that the Italian political right, led by Meloni, is a right that is ideologically confused and in transition. The reality is that the Italian political left, to direction Schlein, is an ideologically confused and transitioning left.”
“The liberalism of the right and the left remain a pious Kantian transcendental horizon. Towards which we could take a first step, starting to recognize and celebrate the Liberation Day as National Day. Of a Nation, which is consciously a protagonist in the Euro-Atlantic concert of liberal democracies".
